Stallion Journal for Multidisciplinary Associated Research Studies

Advancements in Biodegradable Materials: Impacts on Soil and Water Quality

Hanumant Singh — 2024-10-03

This study explores the degradation rates of various biodegradable materials and their impact on soil and water quality under both laboratory and field conditions. The materials examined include polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), starch-based plastics, cellulose-based films, and compostable plastics. Results show significant variation in degradation rates, with cellulose-based films and starch-based plastics exhibiting the fastest degradation, while PLA degraded the slowest, particularly in aquatic environments. In soil, the degradation of biodegradable materials led to increased microbial activity and changes in nutrient levels, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. However, concerns about nutrient pollution and soil imbalances emerged, particularly with the faster-degrading materials. In aquatic environments, the impact of biodegradable materials on water quality was less pronounced, with only slight changes in dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and phosphate levels. The study emphasizes the need for careful management and monitoring of biodegradable materials to prevent unintended environmental consequences, such as nutrient pollution or microbial imbalances. These findings contribute to the growing understanding of biodegradable materials' real-world performance and their potential to serve as a more sustainable alternative to conventional plastics, while also highlighting the challenges associated with their environmental impact.

Correlation of CA125, and Some Mineral in the Progression of Breast Cancer in Pre- and Postmenopausal Iraq Women

Sura Ali Abid Alrazaq — 2024-11-01

Background: Breast cancer presents a severe threat to women's health worldwide, as it is the most often diagnosed cancer and the primary cause of mortality for female patients.

The aim of this study was to study the relationship between Ca 125 and insulin with some chemical tests in order to know the relationship between them and therefore the speed and accuracy in diagnosing breast cancer in women early.

Material and method: In this research, there are 160 participants (age 21 - 61 years) divided into three groups. The first group included 50 (group A) that represented Premenopausal .The second group included 55(group B) that represented postmenopausal the A and B group suffering breast cancer who visited Baghdad Medical City Hospitals-Bab Al-Moadham and the third group control group (55 participant). The blood (5ml) was drawn from every participant to separate the serum. The serum was used to measure (CA125, Insulin, C-RP, Mg, Iron and Ca).The results showed there is significantly an increase in the level of CA125 and C-RP in the serum of menopause women with breast cancer but the insulin non significantly different between study group. In addition, there is significantly slightly increase in the level of Mg, Iron and Ca in the serum of breast cancer women than control group.

As conclusion: The relationship between Ca 125 was positive and of clinical significance for disease progression. CR-P, which developed a lot because it was a strong indicator of inflammation. As for the prognostic elements (Mg, Iron and Ca), they were of great importance in their association with the disease, and therefore it may be an important indicator in the early diagnosis of the disease. The serum levels of CA125 and CR-P were demonstrated to be of great value in the management of patients with breast cancer, and could serve as predictive indicators and for monitoring the course of disease.

Article Review: The Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) According to the Type of Gonad Found in the Patient

Rand Arkan Abed-Alkareem — 2024-11-01

Sexual development disorders (DSD) are categorized based on the patient's gonad type (ovary, testicle, or ovary). abnormalities of gonadal development and abnormalities of androgen synthesis or action are currently recognized etiologies and are classified as Mendelian. Sex determination and sex differentiation are the two successive stages of human sexual development. The expression of gene networks that guide the development of undifferentiated dipotent gonads into testes or ovaries is referred to as "sex determination." Throughout fetal development and adulthood, the testicles and ovaries release hormones that encourage additional gender differentiation in the body. DSD is caused by mutations found in the genes that regulate both steps. A comprehensive history, physical examination, and appropriate diagnostic testing are needed to determine the underlying etiology.

Congenital abnormalities known as disorders of sex development occur when chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomic sex development is abnormal. A substantial public health burden is associated with DSD, a group of chronic medical diseases that collectively afflict approximately 1% of the population and often necessitate lifetime care from numerous experts. Certain life-threatening conditions, like adrenal crises in congenital adrenal hyperplasia, are linked to DSD. Infertility, cancer, gender dysphoria, psychosocial suffering, and widespread obstacles to health-related quality of life for patients and their families are all linked to DSD.

A condition known as ambiguous genitalia occurs when it is difficult to determine a person's sex by their outward appearance. Males with ambiguous features and hypovirilization (micropenis, II absence of scrotal fusion, incomplete testicular descent, hypospadia) or females with ambiguous features and virilization (clitoromegaly, labio-scrotal fusion) are among the possible genital presentations.

The family history, clinical assessment and evaluation, karyotype inquiry, imaging, and molecular testing are crucial in the workup of a newborn with ambiguous genitalia. Serum gonadotropins (LH, FSH), androgens and androgen precursors (17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone), adrenal steroids (cortisol, aldosterone, and their precursors), and Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) are among the detailed hormone studies that are recommended.