Study of the Relationship Between Energy Gap and Refractive Index in Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Perovskite is a class of materials with the precious stone structure of strontium titanate at room temperature (SrTiO3) and a general formula for the oxide analogs of ABX3, where A is a cation and B is a change metal cation, and X is an oxide or halide anion. The study of perovskite has recently sparked a growing interest among material scientists. This is due to the fact that perovskite exhibits a variety of properties, including piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric properties, as well as solar cells, LEDs, superconductivity, and topological coverings. In general, halide perovskite has dazzling optical qualities, whereas oxide perovskite exhibits excellent dielectric properties. Since Gustav Rose's discovery of calcium titanium oxide, or CaTiO3, in 1839, research on perovskite has been sluggish and did not pick up until the twenty-first century. In 1892, the first publication on lead halide perovskite was published. In 1959, the CsPbI3 (cesium plum iodide) design was studied. Perovskite has just recently gained recognition as a material for solar technology. The research on perovskite sun-oriented cells has advanced dramatically since Kojima and Miyasaka's work "Organo metal Halide Perovskite as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells" was published. Halide perovskite continues to function brilliantly as photonic materials because of their inherent direct energy hole that coordinates the sun-oriented range.