A Comparative Study on Aristotle's Catharsis and Bharat Muni's Rasa Theory

Abstract

Catharsis, as described in Aristotle's Poetics, and Bharat Muni’s Rasa theory, as outlined in the Natyashastra, both explore the emotional and psychological impact of artistic expression on an audience. This study aims to critically examine the similarities and differences between these two influential theories of aesthetics. While both theories emphasize the significance of visual and emotional engagement in dramatic and literary works, they are rooted in distinct philosophical and cultural traditions. Aristotle’s concept of catharsis is based on the purgation or purification of emotions, particularly pity and fear, through tragedy, allowing the audience to experience emotional release and moral insight. In contrast, Bharat Muni’s Rasa theory delves into the creation and experience of aesthetic pleasure, where different rasas (emotional flavors) are evoked through artistic performance to cultivate emotional refinement and spiritual upliftment in the audience. Despite these fundamental differences, both theories recognize the transformative power of artistic expression in shaping human emotions and perceptions. This study highlights how these classical frameworks have influenced theatrical traditions in the West and India, contributing to a deeper understanding of aesthetics across cultures. By analyzing their impact, the research provides valuable insights into the universality and cultural specificity of artistic experience.