Study of Hall Current on Couple Stress Ferromagnetic Micropolar Fluid Heated from Below in Porous Medium: A Normal Mode Analysis

Abstract

The study of magnetohydrodynamics and its effects on fluid flow dynamics is extremely important in various engineering and geophysical applications. Among these, the behavior of ferromagnetic micropolar fluids, particularly in the presence of Hall currents and temperature gradients, provides significant insight into heat transfer and fluid stability in porous media. Due to the magnetic effects along with the rotational motion of fluid particles, made further influential from outer sources such as magnetic fields and heating from below, the complex nature comes up for ferromagnetic micropolar fluids. The mutual interaction is necessary to optimize the process in applications of material processing, geothermal energy systems, and several magnetic fluid-based technologies. The purpose of the study is to examine the influence of Hall current on the behavior of a couple stress ferromagnetic micropolar fluid heated from below in a porous medium. The governing equations are derived based on the normal mode method and applied perturbation theory for further stability analysis of the system. In terms of stability and instability conditions for the system, it puts forward how Hall currents, couple stress, and magnetic fields take a prime place in fluid dynamical as well as thermodynamic properties. The calculations based on these findings are carried out and the relative influence of factors on the instability of the fluid is calculated to bring out numerical simulations with graphical representations. These results have direct implications for design and performance optimization of technologies depending on controlled behavior of ferromagnetic fluids in porous media; they offer some insight into heat-transport mechanisms, fluid dynamics, and stability criteria in such systems.