Secondary Metabolites in Plants: Their Role in Modulating the Immune Response to Viral Infections in Hosts

Shahad Basil Ismael; Maysaa Hamid Ahmed; Rowshen Hani Al Nakeeb; Tabarak Sabah Jassim

doi:10.55544/sjmars.3.5.5

Authors

Shahad Basil Ismael Department of Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, IRAQ.
Maysaa Hamid Ahmed Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, IRAQ.
Rowshen Hani Al Nakeeb Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, IRAQ.
Tabarak Sabah Jassim Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, IRAQ.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55544/sjmars.3.5.5

Keywords:

primary metabolite, virus, immunity, Pest insects, plant extracts, biological activity, secondary compounds

Abstract

In order to create biochemical defenses from herbivores, plants generate a wide variety of secondary metabolites. Plants, fungi and bacteria produce metabolites that're essential in fighting off viral infections. These active compounds, like flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids have effects by stopping replication blocking viral entry and regulating the immune response of the host. Moreover these secondary metabolites can work as deterrents to lower the spread of viruses through carriers. Their ranging effectiveness makes them potential options, for developing antiviral treatments and medications. Also, several phytophagous insects have developed strong adaptations to these allergens, or by detecting, integrating, as well as analyzing these phytochemicals specifically, they employ these special molecules as their individual defense compounds, particular host-finding signals, or perhaps as sexual pheromones or its precursors. Additionally, insects are pollinators and frequently directed by certain flower scents. The ecological relevance of these secondary metabolites of plants within the wide range of virus and insect-plant relationships is shown throughout this article.

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